The D list: to help with finding a topic look at the words in BOLD print.

Messianic Jewish churches ~ A critique of one of the newer movements (denominations) today, Messianic Judaism. These are Jews who profess belief in Jesus of Nazareth as the Messiah. Their worship appears to be a combination of Old and New Testament items. They look for a return of Christ, whom they do believe is the Messiah, back to the earth in order to reign from Jerusalem. One point made concerns their use of what they refer to as Messianic DANCE in worship.

Update on Dirty Dancing: The continued progression in ungodliness in DANCE among young people should be evident. This contains various short quotes from different sources for descriptive purposes.

A Description of the Wicked This is a good article to present to the teenager at home or elsewhere. The article is written as a way of warning the young and others as well the simple minded who do not see DANGER. The vicious conduct of the wicked is well illustrated in Judges 19 with regard to the Levite and his concubine who turned in to Gibeah to lodge for the night. Applications to “today” include the fact that in some cases the “victim” must understand that a tragedy could have been avoided had they themselves not contributed by being out late at night in a place that makes them vulnerable.

The Majority Know Another Jesus The church at Corinth gladly tolerated fools who taught another Jesus and different gospel, Paul said (cf. 2 Cor. 11:4, 19). It is possible for one to read the literature of fools and possess a completely false view of Jesus. Read the Gospels for yourself and see what He really did do and teach. Here’s a start with applications from the Gospels themselves that show the stark differences between what most think Jesus taught and what He really did teach! Verses are presented that deal with: (1) the reason for not accepting Christ’s word is you LOVE DARKNESS rather than light …

So Somebody Told You a Christian Cannot Sin This larger article begins with two brief newspaper articles that illustrates the habit some develop of picking a favorite verse, or verses, without considering “all” that the New Testament teaches on a particular topic. Thus we have an example of “the favorite verses syndrome.” This happens to concern the matter of Christians and when they do sin. It includes important points and topics such as “God Knows,” “Why Confess?,” “Our Advocate is Jesus Christ,” “The Wholeness of the Doctrine of Christ,” “God Gave Us His Word so We Can Practice Righteousness” and “When Considering the Devil and Christians.” Understand that John is emphasizing our “practicing righteousness” as our “walk” or manner of life (I Jo. 1:6, I Jo. 3:7). We are to walk in the LIGHT and not in DARKNESS.

Speak Evil of No Man – But I Can Say… We find the admonition to “speak evil of no man” in Titus 3:2. To speak evil means to vilify, defame, or blaspheme. Most don’t know how to read the Bible. In the same verse we are not to be a brawler. If I call a brawler what he is, i.e., a brawler do I violate “speak evil of no man”? People pay no attention to what Jesus said and where he said it. Furthermore, they pay no attention to what hypocrites said to Him and when they said it. Finally, most pay no attention to what Jesus said and who He said it to! When it comes to social, cultural, and political activities, Christians deal with the immoralities as He did. The unfruitful WORKS OF DARKNESS are to be reproved (Eph 5:11-13). I’ll use Herod Antipas as the first example. Was he the fox Jesus said he was?

A Study of Sin Confessed This article addresses the responsibility that Christians have to confess the sins they commit in order that they might be forgiven. It explores various reasons and motives that lay behind one's willingness to confess their wrongdoing. King DAVID in 2 Sam. 12:1-13 is used to show that confession of sin is sometimes produced upon awareness of the same in others.

Bible Endings For Torn Relationships Five important Bible relationships are presented while giving emphasis to the importance of entreaty and reconciliation. The relationships discussed in this article include Cain & Abel, Esau & Jacob, Saul & DAVID, Paul & Barnabas and Euodia & Syntyche. Stated goals for entreating are: 1. To be of the same mind, Phil. 2:2; 2. To be at peace, I Th. 5:13; 3. To understand the outcome of dissension. It strengthens the enemy of the gospel; the weak when pulled in to dissensions are caused to stumble; 4. To repent and return to the work, Rev. 3:19-20; 5. To use with older men, I Tim. 5:1; 6. To implement with God's wisdom which is easy to be entreated, Ja. 3:17-18. Thus one is to be both approachable and easily persuaded to do that which is right.

Vindication Based Upon One’s Righteousness, Integrity This study is linked with a prior article and is a continuation of integrity as defined from Psalms 119, as well as other Psalms. For the first article see the introduction. In this study you will find such points as: (1) Pleading for protection against the wicked, (2) One’s hope for deliverance, (3) Asking God for vindication, (4) Who is fit for communion with God, (5) What preserves when in distress, (6) The “I Haves” of integrity, and (7) DAVID’S integrity.

What Every Politician Needs to Know Applicable lessons based upon DAVID’S ADDRESSES, and of course God’s, to Solomon concerning his reigning upon David’s throne form the background of this particular article. This article applies to politicians. Read about Solomon’s throne and exemplification of one of his own proverbs: “It is an abomination to kings to commit wickedness: for the throne is established by righteousness” (Prov. 6:12). Applications are also made from the book of Jeremiah and the Psalms denouncing oppression, fraud, extortion, cruelty and the destruction of the foundation of society.

A Safe Deposit For My Treasures Do you really want to go to heaven? This article contrasts the physical setbacks besetting those who suffered during the fires of 2003 with the eternal setbacks of not heeding Jesus instruction in Matt. 6:19-20. Why not refresh your mind by reading about heaven as a safe deposit for your treasures? Morever you can read and understand that Heaven is a place where there will be no more death, sorrow, crying, pain, curse or night - just eternal DAY (Rev. 21:1-4, 21:25-22:5).

False Doctrines on the State of Man After Death Corrected by the Scriptures : Some religions believe that one ceases to exist after death and before the DAY of JUDGMENT. The Seventh-day Adventists’ belief is stated here to illustrate. Then compare Scriptural AFTER-DEATH SCENARIOS such as the Transfiguration of Jesus and those present; an after death conversation with Abraham who is with Lazarus. This study relates to scriptures showing that death cannot separate the faithful from the love of Christ and that one does “not” cease to exist after death and before the Judgment Day. In addition there is an attached applicable newspaper article: “Surely Not Laughable ~ When You Are Dead You Know It!”

What To Tell Your Mate When They Are Guilty of Wrath Christians need to study and then be honest and make the right applications to one another, all family members, and especially with their own mates (Cf. I Th. 5:14). The stubborn and unrepentant heart stores up wrath for the DAY of JUDGMENT.

Casting Down Eloquence & Sophistry Series (2 Cor. 10:4-5) Sodom’s filthy conduct in the Old Testament (Gen.19) stands as an example of the punishment of such for those who live afterwards in the New Testament dispensation (2 Pet. 2:6-9; Jude 7). Jesus, Himself God, referred to this judgment where the Lord rained fire and brimstone on Sodom and Gomorrah. He said it will be just the same way in the DAY the Son of Man is Revealed! (Lk. 17: 27-30).

Selected Newspaper Articles These are selected articles that appeared in our local newspaper, The Sun. Included is “An Old Fear and Shame ~ EASTER.” Like most today leaders in the second century were desirous of making the church more attractive. They were fearful that the simple worship God gave His church would be held in contempt by those used to pompous ceremonies as part of their old systems. This fear was coupled with their being ashamed of the truths of the Gospel (Cf. Rom. 1:16-17; 2 Tim. 4:1-6). This departing from the faith was a refusal to accept the admonition given by Paul in Col. 2:14-16 and Gal. 4:10. Leaders today stand guilty of the same refusal, fear, and being ashamed in their binding the OBSERVANCE OF DAYS, festivals and celebrations upon their churches (Cf. Gal. 1:6-9; Rev. 22:18-19).

Going to Church with the Easter Bunny Paying close attention is hard work (Heb. 2:1-3). W. E. Vine states commenting upon the word correctly translated “Passover” (Acts 12:4), “The term Easter is not of Christian origin. It is another form of Astarte, one of the titles of the Chaldean goddess, the queen of heaven. The festival of Pasch held by Christians in post-apostolic times was a continuation of the Jewish feast, but was not instituted by Christ, nor was it connected with Lent. From this Pasch the Pagan festival of Easter was quite distinct and was introduced into the apostate Western religion, as part of the attempt to adapt Pagan festivals to Christianity” (Vine’s Expository Dictionary). Why not read this presentation and understand fully that the churches of Christ in the first century were not given a special Easter service. The development of SPECICAL DAYS and FESTIVALS for the church after the death of the apostles was the result of apostasy!

God's Divine Organization ~ The Local Church, Part Two of Two This is Lesson Four (Part Two of Two) in our Series: "Fundamental Lessons on the Church." Lesson Four, Part Two: "God's Divine Organization ~ The Local Church, Part Two of Two." In this lesson you will be studying the local church as the organization that God gave for the collective work of Christians in evangelism, edification, worship and benevolence to needy saints. You will take an in depth look at the organization of the local church according to God's pattern in the New Testament. Both the place and qualifications for elders and DEACONS are given right from the Bible in order for you to see the difference in the church of Christ and Catholicism, denominationalism and the community type churches.

The Appreciation Of Godly Sisters In Christ The tremendous value of our sisters in Christ is set forth in this article. They are to be ready unto every good work (Eph. 2:10, I Tim. 5:10, Titus 3:1, 2:14). We are all to stay ready unto every good work (Titus 3:1). Consider by contrast the sisters that are not appreciated mentioned in I Timothy 5. The first thing said about the unappreciated sister (s) is she gives herself to wanton pleasure and is DEAD while she lives (I Tim. 5:6). Sensual desires lead to her casting off the faith (I Tim. 5:10-13). That is followed by the duties in I Tim. 5:14 that come with marriage, bearing children, managing the household, and giving no occasion to adversary for reproach. Paul adds that others would follow what some had already done in turning aside after Satan (I Tim. 5:15). Why not study the nine points of application directed towards their being scripturally appreciated?

9-11-2001 ~ Things I Can Count On Today America was attacked by terrorists on this date. This is a “time” when people thrive upon inappropriate statements, and misleading applications of God’s Word. Illustrations of such would be, “Nostradamus said…,” “Armageddon has come” and “the Mark of the Beast.” When men have questions as to "Why?" or "What is the future?" Christians have a limited number of precious things that they can depend upon. These few but precious things are where a Christian's life really is any day and any place that they might be. One distinction of being a Christian is that we know the reality of physical DEATH and of eternal damnation (Heb. 9:27; Mark 9:43-48).

A Safe Deposit For My Treasures Do you really want to go to heaven? This article contrasts the physical setbacks besetting those who suffered during the fires of 2003 with the eternal setbacks of not heeding Jesus instruction in Matt. 6:19-20. Why not refresh your mind by reading about heaven as a safe deposit for your treasures? Morever you can read and understand that Heaven is a place where there will be no more DEATH, sorrow, crying, pain, curse or night - just eternal day (Rev. 21:1-4, 21:25-22:5).

Various Newspaper Articles Selected from 2020 This selection includes: (1) “A Win for Women” concerning the argument that sex refers to biological sex and does not include “gender identity”; (2) “Worry About Your Soul Today!” is a simple imploration for one to pause and consider the value of their soul and its eternal well being after this life on earth, and that along with needed warnings and examples – one of which is a real person who did not do such; (3) “AFRAID OF DYING? Losing All?” again implores one to pause and consider their soul’s value in light of the impossibility of trying to serve God and mammon (Lk. 16:13).

Things in Christ not found in Islam One simple but effective way of explaining the difference between a major “world” religion and the gospel of Christ (the New Testament, Matt. 26:28) is to show the things found “in Christ” that are not found elsewhere. The following are things found in Jesus Christ that are not found in Islam. One of these being that Jesus’ DEATH (sacrifice) satisfies the penalty for sin.

Jesus Came to Fulfill the Law (Matt. 5:17-18) People are quick to quote these passages to justify using a combination of the Mosaic Law (Old Testament or Covenant) along with the New Testament. This is used for any number of things, but especially for items of worship that they particularly like which cannot be justified by the New Testament teaching concerning the church of Christ. The attraction of special clothing (cf. Ex. 28) for ministers and priests, along with the use of instruments, candles, incense, etc. would be examples. For the most part should any one of them be asked, Why not offer the animal sacrifices and various offerings and activities made by the Jews at the Temple? — they’d say that’s not necessary today. Why? Since we are not given these in the New Testament for worship are we free to choose one or all if we want to? The Jews blinded by their affection for the Law of Moses were holding to a ministry of DEATH and condemnation (2 Cor. 3:4-16). But when they turned to Christ and His New Covenant that blindness would cease (I Cor. 3:12-16).

Selected Newspaper Articles Dear reader the following titles are selected newspaper articles that appeared in our local newspaper the Yuma Sun. The intent of these articles is that each shows a love for and desire to present the Truth without incorporating the emotional flavor so popular with other religious bodies today. There is nothing comparable to the truth of God’s words with its wisdom. The topics are: “The Buyer Is Like The Seller; The Creditor Is Like The DEBTOR” (What God’s word says about liars, cheats and murderers applies to all – the rich and poor!); “Wicked Kids, Teens, Beating & Stomping Others” (This exposes the lie, “Oh they’re just too young to know better!”); “Some Wrights Are So Wrong” (When so called “Pastors” are asked if John 14:6 is true and if they think Islam is another way to salvation, and then suggest that there is another path to the Father they deny what Jesus and the apostles taught! (cf. John 12:48).

The Lies Of Apostasies The full title of this article is “The Pattern Of Lies Producing And Sustaining Apostasies.” Read this article to study what Jeroboam did wrong when he said in his heart that God’s established order would not work. Besides Jeroboam’s apostasy, the article presents in detail the pattern of lies producing apostasies from the book of Jeremiah. Some important questions answered are: Why do lies prevail? How has the truth been affected? What Lies? What will God do in the end? Here is an excerpt: “What happened to the truth? Through DECEIT they refused to know God! (Jer. 9:6). When apostasies go on and continue it is proof that through DECEIT God’s people refuse to know Him! The truth perished. Hear Jeremiah, “But thou shalt say unto them, This is a nation that obeyeth not the voice of the Lord their God, nor receiveth correction: truth is perished, and is cut off from their mouth” (Jer. 7:28). … When apostasies go on and continue it is proof that God’s people choose to dwell in the midst of DECEIT and refuse to return to the New Testament pattern!”

A Read the Bible Story worth Telling The importance of reading the Bible is stressed along with appropriate applications concerning the blessings of reading it, hearing it and keeping it. In Jo. 8:31-32 Jesus said if you continue in word, then you are my disciples. The Bible can be understood alike. If those who believed on Him couldn’t understand it alike then how could they continue in it? Concerning the epistle to the Ephesians Paul said, “Whereby, when ye read, ye may understand my knowledge in the mystery of Christ” (Eph. 3:4). There is this warning: If you could not understand the Bible you would not know the difference between human tradition, man’s so called spiritual wisdom, and God’s Word! Col 2:8 warns us, “Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and VAIN DECEIT, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ.” So why do people make the claim we cannot understand the Bible alike? They claim such because they are holding on to their human traditions. With that in mind the article presents a conversation with a man who said that he is reading the Bible for himself for the first time in his life. Moreover, he’s seeing the differences between what man is willing to teach for the sake of human tradition, power, prestige, etc. and how the Bible really reads.

Casting Down Eloquence & Sophistry Series “Everyone” who practices sin transgresses God’s law, for sin is a transgression of God’s law (I Jo. 3:4). Great DECEIVERS are using “love your neighbor” to put their own stamps of approval on iniquity! They teach the local church is accept and fellowship heterosexual couples living together in fornication (sin, Gal. 5:19), accept those in homosexual and lesbian relationships (sin, I Cor. 6:9, Rom. 1:26-27), condone and fellowship adulterous marriages (Matt. 19:9), etc. These DECEIVERS are guilty of rejoicing in iniquity, not loving God, and being religiously injurious to all in their wicked deceptions! Their churches are full of iniquity and their members love to have it so (2 Tim. 3:1-5, 4:3).

Selected Newspaper Articles The following are selected newspaper articles ran by the Valley church of Christ for 2009-2010. Both churches and preachers would do well to consider that just offering a few scriptural points on important topics can go a long way in helping others. Consider the following points on (1) Why Pentecostal / Charismatic Tactics Easily Deceive; (2) Complaining With No Intention Of Making Things Scriptural; (3) Stupid Kid’s Games Draw Customers; (4) Liberation Theology & Marxist Ideology; (5) Human Creeds & Statements of Faith.

Memory #2 You may desire to read “Memory #1” for April 2016 before this continuing article concerning some simple applications pertaining to one’s memory. Emphasis in this article is given to the importance of our remembering our own past conduct. Paul did not exclude himself when speaking of past conduct before his conversion – stating plainly that he was a blasphemer, persecutor and violent aggressor (“injurious”) against the church. He included himself in being foolish, disobedient, DECEIVED, serving divers lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another (Titus 3:3). There is also the importance of our not forgetting even one of God’s benefits of salvation in Christ. Once restored one must not revert back--- thus once again forgetting the necessary obedience for salvation in Christ.

Unwise Unsuspiciousness (Jer. 40:14) This is based upon Gedaliah’s mistake as recorded by Jeremiah. We see stupidity in the pattern presented by refusing to credit information given verified by “all”; he was indignant towards the informant and accusing him of lying. “You liar!” You will often hear that when the evidence points to something one doesn’t want to believe. He should have listened. This also includes events in the family of David when Amnon rapes Tamar and Absalom seeks to kill Amnon. One point developed is the how ungodly friends will support improper sexual thoughts and help another fulfill them. We see David’s sin and weakness in withholding discipline; a father is DECEIVED and lied to by his own son.

Newspaper Articles Series: “For the Greatly Exploited Generation Z” These NEWSPAPER articles identify spiritual exploitations of the “Z” generation (2019-2020). Beginning with the truthful statement that God’s Word will not exploit you the way political correctness does --- these present God’s wisdom and power that exists far beyond mankind’s own wisdom and power. You must believe in a Creator to learn to put your life into His perspective and purpose for mankind (Ps. 89:11; Eccl. 12:13). You may read about the various ways generations, actually, have been DECEIVED and thus think and act contrary to God’s revealed Word.

Identity Theft Here is a lesson based upon the prevalence of “identity theft.” This lesson answers the questions, What is identity theft? How do thieves steal an identity? What do thieves do with a stolen identity? How can you find out if your identity was stolen? And what can you do to help fight identity theft? --- all with a spiritual view as to the use of Christ’s name without proper permission and how Christ name theft crimes take many forms. Spiritually the unity of belief and practice of the one Gospel is the means by which we fight identity theft and protect against those who wear Christ’s name who are frauds. Paul described supposed spiritual workers as false apostles and DECEITFUL WORKERS, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ and servants of righteousness (cf. 2 Cor. 11:13-15). You will find twelve scriptural and helpful applications for detecting these impostors who preach another Gospel. Such will “rob” you of your prize if you let them (Col. 2:18-19).

Scriptures Governing Our Collective Worship You may never have heard about "Spontaneous Singing" as practiced in some churches. Perhaps you would be interested in the scriptures that authorize all of the church doing things DECENTLY and in order during worship.

Rule of Law Points From the authority implied in the “name” of Jesus Christ, who has all authority, several points are made concerning the Gospel as the power of God unto salvation for all men, Jesus’ authority to judge by His law, Sin as a violation of Christ’s law and how His law convicts of sin. Major emphasis is also given to the RULE OF LAW of law being attacked by ignorance, wrongful intent, good intentions, sincerity, carelessness, ignoring, impulse and inconsistency, showing partiality, OUTRIGHT DEFIANCE, distortion of one’s words and partial narratives of the Word (to neglect to teach the whole counsel of God, Acts 20:27, 32.). Applications include God is no respecter of persons, to show respect of persons is sin, the kind of judgment that condemns oneself, and the one who boasts in God’s law but dishonors God through breaking the law.

Let Us Get You A New Kind Of Preacher! Those full of carnality (works of the flesh) accuse the faithful unjustly with wicked intent, spread strife with their mouths, and set an example of evil for others to imitate (cf. 3 John 10-11). They have a goal, an objective, and will sacrifice the truth and brethren to achieve it! These are looking forward to and working towards division in order that they might have their own way, and that with the “kind of preaching” that lacks application and pleases the ungodly (cf. 2 Tim. 4:1-5). Understand that the longer the church postpones (DELAYS) dealing with them scripturally the closer they get to their unscriptural goals (cf. Rev. 2:20). There is nothing more carnal, and full of the works of the flesh, that I can think of at this age in my life than brethren who work to stop applicable preaching and teaching. They will stop at nothing to get the “new kind” of preacher. Old warnings need to be issued! As in the past there will always be bigger churches somewhere ready to aid the pattern of apostasy and provide the “new kind” of teachers and preachers. That is how apostasy is able to continue. Brethren beware! It is quite possible that you know of such things happening among us and you need to help stop it!

The Way of Integrity Psalms 119 This Psalm is often avoided because of its length. This study begins with eight points on integrity with God. When free from the reproach of inconsistencies we can have DELIGHT in God’s word as a source of joy in our lives.

The Correct Delight of Kings “The appreciation of “THE DELIGHT OF KINGS” of Israel --- kept in proper context under the Old Covenant --- is seen in their fear of God and obedience to His commands given to Israel. The commands for them to love truth and righteousness, and some doing so, stands in contrast to the wickedness of civil government today!”

The Appreciation Of Godly Sisters In Christ The tremendous value of our sisters in Christ is set forth in this article. Beginning with the honor that is due to faithful women in Christ, the study sets forth the various duties enjoined upon them in regards to their family and service rendered to the church that Christ built. Their glory (boast) is in understanding and knowing God Who DELIGHTS in loving-kindness, judgment, and righteousness in the earth! (Cf. Jer. 9:23-24). Obedience unto righteousness is what God takes pleasure in, thus these are the scriptural reasons why all of our godly sisters are appreciated. Why not study the nine points of application directed towards their being scripturally appreciated?

Why We Rejoice With One Another God DELIGHTS over His people to do them good (De. 28:63). The Psalmist said, “Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart” (Ps. 97:11). We are commanded to rejoice with those who rejoice, and to weep with those who weep, being of the same mind one toward another (Rom. 12:15-16). Our being sorrowful when one is arrogant and suffers is different from sharing joy and sorrow as Paul spoke of. If one of us suffers because we remain arrogant and obstinate then our tears will be the tears of Jeremiah if we love them (cf. Jer. 13:17). However, you will find such “rejoice with” applications in this article as (1) I Can Rejoice With One Who Is Faithful Whom I Know God DELIGHTS Over To Do Good; (2) I Can’t Rejoice With Another When I See The Vanity Of The World; (3) I Can Rejoice With One Who Rejoice In Truth; (4) I Can Rejoice With One Who Wants God’s Instruction, Counsel, And Eye Upon Them.

“They Delight In Destroying!”; “They Are Not Good People, Nor Children.” : “They DELIGHT IN DESTROYING!” …These two articles connect both adults and children to the destructive influence of WOKE philosophy, LGBTQ, and TRANS INFLUENCE.

How Will God Feel About You When You Ask Him For Help? Do you know someone who is in trouble and needs God’s help? In this brief study the scriptures are related to three important questions dealing with those times when we need, desire, and ask for God’s help: (1) When you want God’s help how fast do you want Him there? (2) When we need Him to DELIVER us how far do we want Him from us? (3) How do you want God to feel about you when you ask Him to help you?

The Way of Integrity Psalms 119 This Psalm is often avoided because of its length. This study begins with eight points on integrity with God. Understand that it is on the grounds of your integrity that you may plead to God for protective care against the wicked (Ps. 119:121-128). He hated every false way! In answer to his prayers the hope of DELIVERANCE was founded upon his being free from the dominion of iniquity! Because he did not want to wander from God the scriptures would be his counselors (lit., the men of his counsel) to establish his ways. He was afraid of God’s judgments --- instead of fearing his persecutors he fears God’s judgments! These are but a few of the good lesson presented through studying this Psalm. Why not read the article and while doing so read it along with your Bible?

Vindication Based Upon One’s Righteousness, Integrity This study is linked with a prior article and is a continuation of integrity as defined from Psalms 119, as well as other Psalms. For the first article see the introduction. In this study you will find such points as: (1) Pleading for protection against the wicked, (2) One’s hope for DELIVERANCE, (3) Asking God for vindication, (4) Who is fit for communion with God, (5) What preserves when in distress, (6) The “I Haves” of integrity, and (7) David’s integrity.

Memory #2 You may desire to read “Memory #1” for April 2016 before this continuing article concerning some simple applications pertaining to one’s memory. Emphasis in this article is given to the importance of our remembering our own past conduct. Paul did not exclude himself when speaking of past conduct before his conversion – stating plainly that he was a blasphemer, persecutor and violent aggressor against the church. There is also the importance of our not forgetting even one of God’s benefits given to us in Christ. Sometimes you make more than one trip through a “wilderness” you’ve been through before – but you can make it without being overly anxious when you continue to serve God, trust in His DELIVERANCES and not stoop to serve Mammon (cf. Matt. 6:24-25).

Aliens and National Ignorance: The concerns of space aliens and extraterrestrial activity in recent balloon intercepts, present A TOTALLY WRONG PERSPECTIVE OF THE EARTH, LIFE HERE, AND MANKIND HAVING BEEN GIVEN THE EARTH AS A DWELLING PLACE (Gen. 1:26; Ps. 115:16). There are no space aliens! The Devil and the spiritual host of wickedness (not flesh and blood) working here to destroy souls, is considered by most to be a myth (Ja 4:7; I Pet. 5:8; Eph. 6:10-13).

JESUS DELIVERS FROM GOD’S WRATH COMING UPON THE SONS OF DISOBEDIENCE (EPH. 5:6; I TH 1:10, 5:9).

•Eph 5:6 refers to 5:3-5 which lists the very filth promoted by CRT, LGBTQ, Trans Identification, etc.

•On Pentecost, Peter answered their question on what to do to be saved, and he commanded those who heard the gospel to repent and be baptized for the remission of their sins (Acts 2:37-41).

•Paul spoke to the supposed wise men in Athens at the Areopagus (Acts 17:22-33). Act 17:30 Truly, these times of ignorance God overlooked, but now commands all men everywhere to repent, Act 17:31 because He has appointed a day on which He will judge the world in righteousness by the Man whom He has ordained. He has given assurance of this to all by raising Him from the dead."

The Best Demon Hitter in New Zealand This reviews a report from a nurse in Auckland, New Zealand who attended a so called “DEMON Cleansing” ceremony – the article relates the experiences some claimed to have had from a so called prophet of God. It shows how gullible people are in the name of something said to be religious. Also read it and learn something about those who falsely call themselves “prophets” of God today.

Local Church Autonomy This is Lesson Six in our Series: "Fundamental Lessons on the Church." Lesson Six: "Local Church Autonomy." Scriptures emphasizing local church autonomy or independence are presented along with the needed applications for the present day. In this lesson there is a list comprising the work of the local church – elders “as elders” only oversee their local church and another nor some human organization. The churches of Christ do not practice DENOMINATIONALISM. It is impossible to build a religious organization consisting of many local congregations under the oversight of a single administrative body by God's simple plan for governing His church! Neither elders nor evangelists, separately or in any combination, can by God's simple New Testament plan find authority for building such religious organizations.

“What defines a Church of Christ” Questionnaire (Reviewed) A questionnaire, totaling 640 plus respondents, titled “What is a Church of Christ” deals with the above question. Some of the answers unscriptural as they were did not surprise me in the least — they echoed the same cat calls we have heard for years to join in fellowship with the denominations and other church types. It set forth the clear division between non-institutional (N.I.) churches and those supporting para-church organizations and missions. The report mentioned churches that have added instruments of music for worship, jointly ministered with DENOMINATIONAL GROUPS and have also changed the “name” but “still identify with the fellowship of autonomous congregations.” In their mind perhaps, but they fail miserably in thinking that those studying the New Testament see them somewhere in there.

“All You Really Have To Do Is Believe In God” Jesus said, “Not everyone that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of My Father which is in heaven” (Matt. 7:21). Please look below for what it means to DENY the Son Jesus Christ.

Points made concerning both the Father’s will and JESUS are:

1. Jesus did the will of the father who sent Him (cf. John 6:37-38).

2. Jesus’ words are the Father’s (John 17:14, 17).

3. Jesus was seeking the Father’s glory not His own (Jo. 7:17-18).

4. Jesus’ authority was the Father’s! (Read John 12:48-50).

5. Jesus gave us the Father’s word which is truth (John 17:14, 17).

6. One cannot come to Christ except by the will of the Father (Jo. 6:37).

7. The Father’s will is that you believe in Jesus His Son (Jo. 6:45).

8. The “work of God,” or requirement of God is that one believes in Jesus whom He has sent (John 6:26-29).

9. The Father’s will is that eternal life comes through belief in Christ (John 6:40).

10. Eternal life is gained by knowing His Father and the Son whom He sent (Jo. 17:3).

11. Jesus is the only way to the Father (Jo. 14:6).

12. The doing of the Father’s will establishes one’s relationship with Christ (Matt. 12:50).

13. Those who do believe will not perish (Jo.3:16).

14. The belief in Christ that saves is a belief that obeys Him, else the wrath of God abides upon one (cf. Matt. 7:21; Jo. 3:36; Heb. 5:9).

15. The one who doesn’t believe God has given us eternal life in His Son makes God a liar ( I John 5:10-11).

16. This is all based in the Scriptures (John 5:39; De. 18:18-19).

17. Jesus didn’t say that they “can’t” believe and obey but they “would not” (John 8:24).

18. His word which was the Father’s necessitates baptism for initial obedience in order that one might be saved (cf. Matt. 28:18-20 “all” authority for “all” nations; Mk. 16:15-16; Acts

16:31; Acts 22:16 an example of Saul obeying the Son of God).

19. Christ was “end of the Law” (Rom. 10:4). Both Jew and Gentile are saved the same way by obeying the Gospel (Rom. 1:16, 17, Rom. 3:29-30).

20. To believe in Christ is to believe in the Father (cf. John 12:44-45). Of course, for that is the Father’s will! (see above)

21. To reject Christ is to reject the Father’s Word (cf. John 12:48-50, 14:24). Read the boldness of Peter and John in the newspaper article above (Acts 4:12-13).

22. To receive Christ is to receive the Father (cf. John 13:20). Jesus told why some do not receive Him (cf. John 5:43-44).

23. If you don’t love Christ you don’t keep the Father’s words (cf. John 14:24).

24. If you keep the Father’s will you will keep Christ’s commandments (cf. John 14:15, 24, 12:49).

25. To abide in Jesus’ love is to abide in the Father’s love (cf. John 14:21, 15:9-10; I John 4:16).

26. To be in Christ is to be in the Father (cf. I John 4:15-16).

27. Knowing the Son is knowing the Father (cf. John 14:7-10, 1:18, 10:15; Matt. 11:27 Plain!).

28. If you deny the Son you do not have the Father (cf. I John 2:23). You’ve called God a liar! (I John 5:10). You will die in your sins (John 8:24). Those who deny the Son are in the power of Satan (I John 5:19-20).

29. Whoever confesses the Son has the Father (cf. I John 2:23).

30. Does the Father’s will really say all that one must do is believe in God in a very general way? No!

The Joyful Sorrow of Departing from those You Love Here is topic that you don’t see discussed very often. There are a lot of important things to consider when one thinks about moving elsewhere -- especially when one is DEPARTING from those whom they’ve worshipped and worked with in Christ. This article is not just about preachers when they relocate but all members of a local church should they decide to move elsewhere. Applications are made to both the joy and sorrow of departing from those you love in Christ?

The Transgender Attack This contains two newspaper articles: 1. Surely Not Shameless ~ The Transgender Directive; 2. Surely Not Living a Lie ~ The Transgender Directive. These present both the spiritual and physical dangers tied to the recent “I think I identify with transgender” decree from President Obama. This is moving quickly in our society and especially so when the media’s bias is presenting the kind of things that promote LGBT (Lesbian, Gay *Homosexual, Bi-sexual, Trans-sexual).

Included are scriptural points on evil thoughts and desires, lewdness, shameless behavior, uncleanness, motives, the mind and DEPRAVED passions, God’s wrath upon the children of disobedience who walk and live in immoralities, plus what it means to despise all such wickedness and immorality.

What You Can And Will Do In Christ This brief study should offer assurance to Christians that their efforts to serve God faithfully are attainable, as well as being greatly aided by others' prayers on their behalf. What one can and will do by remaining faithful in Christ is declared through the words of Paul's prayer for the church at Colossae in Col. 1:9-12. Here are the key thoughts: A. Be filled with knowledge, all wisdom and spiritual understanding. B. Walk worthy, fully pleasing Him, being fruitful in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God. Here is one's DESIRE to please God. C. Strengthened for attaining all steadfastness and patience, with Joy. D. Joyously giving thanks to the Father. Following is a "Check Your Spiritual Growth With Self-Test Questions" giving further emphasis to our growth and development into mature children of God. The stated "goal" of our efforts is seen in Philippians 1:10-11.

Selected Newspaper Articles The topics are: “The Buyer Is Like The Seller; The Creditor Is Like The Debtor” (What God’s word says about liars, cheats, false business practices, and murderers applies to all – the rich and poor! God’s judgment will come upon all of them for they are all “alike” in their DESIRE TO DO EVIL.); “Wicked Kids, Teens, Beating & Stomping Others” (This exposes the lie, “Oh they’re just too young to know better!”); “Some Wrights Are So Wrong” (When so called “Pastors” are asked if John 14:6 is true and if they think Islam is another way to salvation, and then suggest that there is another path to the Father they deny what Jesus and the apostles taught! (cf. John 12:48).

Do Not Let Your Heart Envy Sinners The purpose of this article is to emphasize the importance of enabling others to develop speech that correctly describes the sinner and especially our children. If you can’t say the wicked are so what are some likely problems you will have? Young adults as well as the older see worldly “success” through EYES THAT DESIRE: (a) recognition of being in company with someone considered important in various ways. It is easy to justify the wicked if I desire what they have — “He that justifieth the wicked, and he that condemneth the just, even they both are abomination to the LORD” (Pr. 17:15); (b) DESIRE wealth — this is the temptation of Prov. 1:13; (c) DESIRE opportunities to meet the opposite sex, to be around those with money, cars, recreational vehicles etc.; (d) DESIRE a fun time — time not viewed by sinners as something that must have as a primary allotment serving God and worshipping collectively with a local church.

“I’m Staying with Zoom” The current pride in technology denominational invite is “Worship online or in person here.” We must be certain that what we do with high tech is scriptural as regards the work and worship of Christ’s church. If “zoom” and “online” are let stray, as some among us already have, then you will have a developed human tradition that will cause many to lose their souls. The impact itself on the body of Christ can be like a spreading spiritual virus in years following upon member’s zeal for assembling (Cf. Eph. 4:14; 2 Tim. 2:17; Heb. 10:24-27). To “speak the things proper for SOUND DOCTRINE” you must know the difference between the word “home” and “house” and “houses” and the words “come together as a church” and “assembling of ourselves together” and “in the church.” Read here for proper definitions that lead to proper applications of what it means to “assemble together.”

The kind of SPEAKING DEMANDED is presented in the following points with the definitions given:

Showing oneself a lover of the truth is seen in SPEAKING the truth to one another (EPH. 4:20-25).

TO SPEAK, exhort and rebuke with all authority (TITUS 2:15)

PREACHING involves “REPROVE” [G1651], “REBUKE” [G2008] & “EXHORT” [G3870] (CF. 2 TIM. 4:2)

QUALIFIED ELDERS BOTH EXHORT (G3870) AND CONVICT or CONVINCE (G1651) THE GAINSAYSERS (G483) (Titus 1:9).

WHAT WILL MEN DESIRE WHEN THEY CANNOT ENDURE SOUND DOCTRINE?

2Ti 4:3 FOR THE TIME WILL COME WHEN THEY WILL NOT ENDURE SOUND DOCTRINE, BUT ACCORDING TO THEIR OWN DESIRES, BECAUSE THEY HAVE ITCHING EARS, THEY WILL HEAP UP FOR THEMSELVES TEACHERS;

2TI 4:4 AND THEY WILL TURN THEIR EARS AWAY FROM THE TRUTH, AND BE TURNED ASIDE TO FABLES.

a. “…ACCORDING TO THEIR OWN DESIRES” > [G1939 epithumia, nf] Thayer: 1) desire, craving, longing, desire for what is forbidden, lust

b. “…because they have itching ears” > [G2833 knēthō, vb.] Thayer: 1) to scratch, tickle, make to itch… 3) desirous of hearing something pleasant

c. “…heap up for themselves teachers” > [G2002 episōreuō] Strong’s: to accumulate further, that is, (figuratively) seek additionally: - heap. Thayer: “to heap up, accumulate in piles: to choose for themselves and run after a great number of teachers, 2 Tim. 4:3.

d. “…be turned aside to fables” > [G3454 muthos] Strong’s: - a tale, that is, fiction (“myth”): - fable > I Tim. 1:4, I Tim. 4:7, 2 Tim. 4:4, Titus 1:14 “…turn away from the truth”; 2 Pet. 1:16 “cunningly devised tales…”

Included are scriptural points on evil thoughts and desires, lewdness, shameless behavior, uncleanness, motives, the mind and depraved passions, God’s wrath upon the children of disobedience who walk and live in immoralities, plus what it means to DESPISE all such wickedness and immorality.

What To Tell Your Mate When They Are Guilty of Wrath Christians need to study and then be honest and make the right applications to one another, all family members and especially with their own mates (Cf. I Th. 5:14). The stubborn and unrepentant heart DESPISES the riches of God’s kindness, forbearance and longsuffering!

Selected Newspaper Articles Dear reader the following titles are selected newspaper articles that appeared in our local newspaper the Yuma Sun. The first is titled “That’s Not My Jesus!” Some are quick to respond to Jesus’ condemnation of homosexuality with, “That’s not my God!” Such do not present the real Jesus.

You will notice should you read each of the three brief articles that there are two kinds of “fools” mentioned therein. There are “fools” who truly despise God’s wisdom and instruction given by Him in His Word (Prov. 1:29). Such fools as these do not listen to what God says. The article titled “Fools Leave God out of Marriage” presents this kind of fool.

By contrast in “The Credentials of A Fool” there are those who do listen and obey God’s Word who are viewed as being “fools” for so doing. They are “DESPISED” as being without the honor, display and reputation that is so admired and cherished by the successful in the world. Which kind of “fool” are you?

God Turns The Way Of The Wicked Upside Down This lesson considers the path of the wicked that is a familiar topic throughout the Psalms. You will learn about the wicked by the following: (1) God thwarts the way of the wicked (Ps. 146:9); (2) God puts the wicked in great fear because He DESPISES them! (Ps. 53; Lev. 26:14-33); (3) Accusers are filled with their own ways (Ps. 109). This section tells you exactly what will happen to the wicked; (4) The purpose of their traps they set for the righteous; (5) God overthrows the best of secret counsel (Ps. 64).

You mentioned “going to Hell,” with accent. After a bible study, which was on Forgiveness, a visitor asked me, “What do you believe about Hell?” I told him it believed Hell is real and eternal. Have you heard the saying “God said it, that settles it, I believe it”? And that settles it IF I don’t believe it! — but I do and the visitor didn’t. He referred to Hell in his letter as “the fabled Hell.” Read this article for points that answer those who choose not to believe in Hell, although the Lord gave much teaching on eternal punishment. You will find the following words defined: DESTROY, EVERLASTING (ETERNAL) PUNISHMENT, EVERLASTING (ETERNAL LIFE), EVERLASTING DESTRUCTION, PERDITION.

Selected Newspaper Articles for 2013 These newspaper articles from 2013 include: (1) “Using ‘Christendom’ to Cover Religious Error”; (2) “The Ways of the Street Mugger”; (3) “Murders, Murderers, Victims”; (4) “Surely not a Hot Head” – the fools lips or mouth brings contentions, DESTRUCTION and a snare; (5) “Surely not a Greedy Person.”

Reply to a response on "Questions on Witchcraft" A respondent has present the idea that there was race upon earth who did not have Adam and Eve for their genealogy. She claims to be of this so called "other people." The reply shows how her claim doesn't fit with the scriptures in the Bible. She claims Satan is a Christian ideal and not theirs. The reply shows that man has known the DEVIL since the beginning of time. He is a real spiritual being! There are but two kingdoms spiritually. The kingdom of Christ, and the kingdom of Satan.

The mark of the beast, 666, Rev. 13:16-17 A respondent has stated that people are going around preaching the number 666 about everything. He states that people are even looking for the "mark" on the foreheads of others and requests that something be said about this. The material puts the "mark" in the context (historical setting) where it belongs! The DEVIL, Satan, attempts to destroy Christ's church by using Rome and the false prophet in the book of Revelations.

So Somebody Told You a Christian Cannot Sin This larger article begins with two brief newspaper articles that illustrates the habit some develop of picking a favorite verse, or verses, without considering “all” that the New Testament teaches on a particular topic. Thus we have an example of “the favorite verses syndrome.” This happens to concern the matter of Christians and when they do sin. It includes important points and topics such as “God Knows,” “Why Confess?,” “Our Advocate is Jesus Christ,” “The Wholeness of the Doctrine of Christ,” “God Gave Us His Word so We Can Practice Righteousness” and “When Considering the DEVIL and Christians.” Understand that John is emphasizing our “practicing righteousness” as our “walk” or manner of life (I Jo. 1:6, I Jo. 3:7). We are to walk in the light and not in darkness.

God, man, the world; Satan, man and the course of this world (PART ONE OF TWO) Emphasis is upon God the creator of the earth, man, the universe and all material things --- by using various definitions of “world” or “age” SATAN, THE DEVIL, is presented as “the god of this world” who blinds the minds of the unbelieving. The Devil rules the thoughts and deeds of the men of our own age. Get the Devil in your conversations!

The wise according to human wisdom and philosophy, the scribe i.e. professional who writes and speaks to the detriment of God’s word and wisdom, as well as the debater i.e. learned disputant --- these offer elaborate and devious arguments in this “age” we live in as they serve the Devil. Their message is full of deceit and error and hostile to God and His Word.

God, man, the world; Satan, man and the course of this world (Part Two) Here in PART TWO there is continued focus upon the work of the Devil with emphasis upon Christ, the church and the Devil’s work. Things done to resist the Devil are stated along with examples of Satan’s influences in the church. What will happen to the Devil and those who follow him points to the necessity of one obeying in baptism to be saved (Mk. 16:15-16).

Aliens and National Ignorance: The concerns of space aliens and extraterrestrial activity in recent balloon intercepts, present A TOTALLY WRONG PERSPECTIVE OF THE EARTH, LIFE HERE, AND MANKIND HAVING BEEN GIVEN THE EARTH AS A DWELLING PLACE (Gen. 1:26; Ps. 115:16). There are no space aliens! WHAT IS WORKING HERE TO DESTROY SOULS IS IGNORED, OR IF IT IS SATAN AND THE SPIRITUAL HOST OF WICKEDNESS IT IS A MYTH. The Devil and the spiritual host of wickedness (not flesh and blood) working here to destroy souls, is considered by most to be a myth (Ja 4:7; I Pet. 5:8; Eph. 6:10-13).

The Paths of Mercy The subject of God’s great mercy is connected with the things that He delights in. God delights in Loving-kindness, Justice and Righteousness -- thus the necessity of our glorying in these things in order that we might receive His mercy! Moreover, God’s mercy is for those who fear Him (Ps. 103:17-18). We must remember that it is in the practice of mercy itself that we receive back from God (Ps. 18:25-27). There is a checklist of applications on God’s kindness that includes honor and DIGNITY (esteem).

What To Tell Your Mate When They Are Guilty of Wrath Christians need to study and then be honest and make the right applications to one another, all family members and especially with their own mates (Cf. I Th. 5:14). Read this article to understand what happens to one who is guilty of willful and perverse DISBELIEF of the truth.

What You Can And Will Do In Christ This brief study should offer assurance to Christians that their efforts to serve God faithfully are attainable, as well as being greatly aided by others' prayers on their behalf. What one can and will do by remaining faithful in Christ is declared through the words of Paul's prayer for the church at Colossae in Col. 1:9-12. Here are the key thoughts: A. Be filled with knowledge, all wisdom and spiritual understanding. B. Walk worthy, fully pleasing Him, being fruitful in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God. C. Strengthened for attaining all stedfastness and patience, with Joy. D. Joyously giving thanks to the Father. Follow these "Check Your Spiritual Growth With Self-Test Questions" gives further emphasis to our growth in knowledge and DISCERNMENT. The stated "goal" of our efforts is seen in Philippians 1:10-11.

Is There Prophecy Today? This is a study of prophecy in the New Testament dispensation; it issues appropriate warnings to those often deceived by false teachers claiming not only the gift of prophecy but other spiritual gifts as well. There is an abundance of information on all of the spiritual gifts; “prophecy” was one of the gifts of the Holy Spirit enumerated in I Corinthians 12:8-10. Prophecy appears here along with speaking in tongues, the word of knowledge, and various other spiritual gifts. Notice that there were nine spiritual gifts in all that were given to the infant church: 1. the word of wisdom, 2. the word of knowledge, 3. faith, 4. gifts of healing, 5. working of miracles, 6. prophecy, 7. DISCERNING OF SPIRITS, 8. different kinds of tongues (languages) and 9. the interpretation of tongues.

Go ye therefore and make disciples of all the nations… Explaining how one truly becomes a DISCIPLE of Christ.

The Name “Christian” and the “Churches of Christ” By the early 1900s the clear distinction between the Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ had been drawn: Concerning churches that opposed the use of instrumental music in the worship, and missionary organizations: “In 1906, J.W. Shepherd and others had representations to the Census Bureau of the United States government that churches of this persuasion should no longer be listed with the Disciples of Christ but be designated as Church of Christ.” (Murch, pg. 218) “By 1909…some three hundred thousand members were listed under “Churches of Christ,” in comparison with 1, 300,000 listed as “Disciples of Christ.” (Murch, pg. 218)

The Centennial Celebration of Thomas Campbell’s Declaration and Address & “Casual Listeners” This article presents once again the difference in the “Churches of Christ” and the “Disciples of Christ” --- further shown with a brief discussion of what is called “The Great Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Gathering of 1909” when the Disciples celebrated the centennial celebration of Thomas Campbell’s Declaration and Address.

After Baptism, Then What? New Christians are implored to recognize Paul's instruction in I Cor. 5:11 and apply DISCIPLINE to any Christian that does not lead a faithful life. The material offers appropriate encouragement and warnings for those recently baptized for the remission of their sins.

A Case Study of Mourning Sin: This article explains in detail what it truly means to mourn the sins we see others commit. We mourn the sins of others when we are willing to lay aside the pride that over rides the necessity of church DISCIPLINE (I Cor. 5:2,6). The steps necessary for both the local church and individuals to initiate withdrawal are stated from Matthew 18:15-17, I Cor. Chapter 5, and 2 Thess. 3:14-15. Several applicable points are presented.

“Thank you for the strong words.” The title is also a quotation from a visitor. She said, “I want you to know it is good to hear strong words used. Back home we don’t get that.” The thing that bothers too many brethren today, and it sadly lacking because of that, is proper application to the brotherhood, the local church, other local churches, and individual lives. She made some good “application” herself – a wonderfully strong statement concerning a member who isn’t coming. In no way did she indicate that it was otherwise and that she just could not attend at all. She said they had a member who says she’s sick, but sets at home and watches that “dribble” from the fake T.V. evangelists on healing, and then when we admonish her we’re not loving enough and too hard.” Sound familiar? Has your church placed being patient to the point of being negligent in church DISCIPLINE? Does yours need to stop neglecting CHURCH DISCIPLINE?

Unwise Unsuspiciousness (Jer. 40:14) This is based upon Gedaliah’s mistake as recorded by Jeremiah. We see stupidity in the pattern presented by refusing to credit information given verified by “all”; he was indignant towards the informant and accusing him of lying. “You liar!” You will often hear that when the evidence points to something one doesn’t want to believe. He should have listened. This also includes events in the family of David when Amnon rapes Tamar and Absalom seeks to kill Amnon. One point developed is the how ungodly friends will support improper sexual thoughts and help another fulfill them. We see David’s sin and weakness in withholding DISCIPLINE; a father is deceived and lied to by his own son.

Discontent followed by the “Curtain Call” followed by the “Go Get ‘Em Letter” There is a pattern at times that is manifested in local churches. One or more members, and at times one or some belonging to a family unit manifest DISCONTENT — one will often even state that someone is just not happy therefore “they” might have to leave to please others or another. With brief intermissions the state of someone being unhappy is manifested again and again — their “we will stay a little longer feeling” wears off finally issuing in the curtain call. A final curtain call where one stands before the church, states that it saddens them to have to say that they’ve withdrawn their membership and will be worshipping elsewhere.

You Discriminate! You Hate! ~ “Knowest thou that the Pharisees were offended, after they heard this saying?” (Matt. 15:12) Today almost every criticism of another’s religion brings the charge of irrational criticism and hate: “You’re DISCRIMINATING!” “You hate!” A great weakness in understanding religious freedom of speech lies in thinking that one must not criticize any religion for some might be offended. Read here how Jesus replied to such false charges.

God Turns The Way Of The Wicked Upside Down This lesson considers the path of the wicked that is a familiar topic throughout the Psalms. You will learn about the wicked by the following: (1) God thwarts the way of the wicked (Ps. 146:9); (2) God puts the wicked in great fear because He despises them! (Ps. 53; Lev. 26:14-33); (3) Accusers are filled with their own ways (Ps. 109). This section tells you exactly what will happen to the wicked. God clothes the wicked with shame and DISHONOR! (4) You will learn about the purpose of their traps they set for the righteous; (5) God overthrows the best of secret counsel (Ps. 64).

Identity Theft Here is a lesson based upon the prevalence of “identity theft.” This lesson answers the questions, What is identity theft? How do thieves steal an identity? What do thieves do with a stolen identity? How can you find out if your identity was stolen? And what can you do to help fight identity theft? --- all with a spiritual view as to the use of Christ’s name without proper permission and how Christ name theft crimes take many forms. There is but “one” Gospel just as there is but one of each of our persons (cf. Gal. 1:6-10). Spiritually the unity of belief and practice of the one Gospel is the means by which we fight identity theft and protect against those who wear Christ’s name who are frauds. Spiritual impostors are defined as false apostles, deceitful workers, DISGUISING themselves as apostles of Christ and servants of righteousness (cf. 2 Cor. 11:13-15). You will find twelve scriptural and helpful applications for detecting these impostors who preach another Gospel. Such will “rob” you of your prize if you let them (Col. 2:18-19).

Rule of Law Points From the authority implied in the “name” of Jesus Christ, who has all authority, several points are made concerning the Gospel as the power of God unto salvation for all men, Jesus’ authority to judge by His law, Sin as a violation of Christ’s law and how His law convicts of sin. Major emphasis is also given to the RULE OF LAW of law being attacked by ignorance, wrongful intent, good intentions, sincerity, carelessness, ignoring, impulse and inconsistency, showing partiality, outright defiance, distortion of one’s words and partial narratives of the Word (to neglect to teach the whole counsel of God, Acts 20:27, 32.). Applications include God is no respecter of persons, to show respect of persons is sin, the kind of judgment that condemns oneself, and the one who boasts in God’s law but DISHONORS God through breaking the law.

What To Tell Your Mate When They Are Guilty of Wrath Christians need to study and then be honest and make the right applications to one another, all family members, and especially with their own mates (Cf. I Th. 5:14). Read this article to better understand the consequences of willful and perverse DISOBEDIENCE.

Key points include scriptures on: evil thoughts, evil desire, lewdness, shameless behavior, uncleanness, motives, the mind and depraved passions, the wrath of God upon the CHILDREN OF DISOBEDIENCE who walk in and live in immoralities, and what it means to despise all such wickedness.

JESUS DELIVERS FROM GOD’S WRATH COMING UPON THE SONS OF DISOBEDIENCE (EPH. 5:6; I TH 1:10, 5:9).

•Eph 5:6 refers to 5:3-5 which lists the very filth promoted by CRT, LGBTQ, Trans Identification, etc.

•On Pentecost, Peter answered their question on what to do to be saved, and he commanded those who heard the gospel to repent and be baptized for the remission of their sins (Acts 2:37-41).

•Paul spoke to the supposed wise men in Athens at the Areopagus (Acts 17:22-33).

Act 17:30 Truly, these times of ignorance God overlooked, but now commands all men everywhere to repent,

Act 17:31 because He has appointed a day on which He will judge the world in righteousness by the Man whom He has ordained. He has given assurance of this to all by raising Him from the dead."

Memory #2 You may desire to read “Memory #1” for April 2016 before this continuing article concerning some simple applications pertaining to one’s memory. Emphasis in this article is given to the importance of our remembering our own past conduct. Paul did not exclude himself when speaking of past conduct before his conversion – stating plainly that he acted IGNORNANTLY as a blasphemer, persecutor and violent aggressor (“injurious”) against the church. He included himself in the list of being foolish, DISOBEDIENT, deceived, serving divers lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another (Titus 3:3). There is also the importance of our not forgetting even one of God’s benefits of salvation in Christ. Once restored one must not revert back--- thus once again forgetting the necessary obedience for salvation in Christ.

Withdrawal: Family Reunions, Vacations, Special Days etc. This article presents the local church’s collective responsibility to withdraw from a member who walks DISORDERLY, as well as each individual Christian’s duty to not associate with any brother who leads an unruly life. It includes such verses as Matt. 18:15-17; I Cor. 5:11; 2 Th. 3:6, 14, 15; 2 Cor. 2:6-8 with information on invites and feasts found in the New Testament.

(1) Jesus Is King of the Jews And All Men; (2) The Israel Of God Today Here are two short newspaper articles. Jesus is not only the king over the Jews today but He is everyone’s king. He rules today from heaven and has all authority in heaven and upon earth (Read and understand ~ Lk. 10:22; John 3:35; 5:22-27;17:2,10; Matt. 28:18-20; Eph. 1:19-23). The modern state of Israel is not like the Biblical theocracy that the Israel of old at one time was. Moreover, the spiritual Israel of God today is the church that consists of both Jews and Gentiles serving God by faith in Jesus as the Son of God. Why not read these two articles and see the error in the DISPENSATIONAL, Premillennial Viewpoint.

"What went you out…to see?" This is a lesson on dress. What it means to present one's self as a living sacrifice, acceptable to God, holy, …and not be conformed to this world (Rom. 12:1-2) is viewed in the light of proper dress and conduct. Paul commanded the men to pray "without wrath and doubting" (I Tim. 2:8). We are to be free of murmuring and DISPUTING (see Phil. 2:14).

From Youth through the Prime of Life (Eccl. 11:9-12:1) There are degrees of progression of age in this text. Accountability is seen throughout and the “right” things done are contrasted with things sinful that must be removed. These portions of life merge together and are fleeting, thus the necessity of remembering one’s Creator in the days of youth. When done right this “stage” is not filled with doubt and DISSATISFACTION, nor is life mostly filled with unhappiness.

Bible Endings For Torn Relationships Five important Bible relationships are presented while giving emphasis to the importance of entreaty and reconciliation. The relationships discussed in this article include Cain & Abel, Esau & Jacob, Saul & David, Paul & Barnabas and Euodia & Syntyche. Stated goals for entreating are: 1. To be of the same mind, Phil. 2:2; 2. To be at peace, I Th. 5:13; 3. To understand the outcome of DISSENSION. It strengthens the enemy of the gospel; the weak when pulled in to dissensions are caused to stumble; 4. To repent and return to the work, Rev. 3:19-20; 5. To use with older men, I Tim. 5:1; 6. To implement with God's wisdom which is easy to be entreated, Ja. 3:17-18. Thus one is to be both approachable and easily persuaded to do that which is right.

Rule of Law Points From the authority implied in the “name” of Jesus Christ, who has all authority, several points are made concerning the Gospel as the power of God unto salvation for all men, Jesus’ authority to judge by His law, Sin as a violation of Christ’s law and how His law convicts of sin. Major emphasis is also given to the RULE OF LAW of law being attacked by ignorance, wrongful intent, good intentions, sincerity, carelessness, ignoring, impulse and inconsistency, showing partiality, outright defiance, DISTORTION OF ONE’S WORDS and partial narratives of the Word (to neglect to teach the whole counsel of God, Acts 20:27, 32.). Applications include God is no respecter of persons, to show respect of persons is sin, the kind of judgment that condemns oneself, and the one who boasts in God’s law but dishonors God through breaking the law.

Vindication Based Upon One’s Righteousness, Integrity This study is linked with a prior article and is a continuation of integrity as defined from Psalms 119, as well as other Psalms. For the first article see the introduction. In this study you will find such points as: (1) Pleading for protection against the wicked, (2) One’s hope for deliverance, (3) Asking God for vindication, (4) Who is fit for communion with God, (5) What preserves when in DISTRESS, (6) The “I Haves” of integrity, and (7) David’s integrity.

Hating Homosexuality This article from 1999 relates to the meeting between Jerry Falwell and the so called gay Christians. The purpose of that meeting was to reduce violence and hatred toward homosexuals. When the press presents practicing homosexual and lesbians as Christians who present themselves in good standing with God, then the contradictions from a religious point of view must be exposed! And that's what the article does. It shows clearly why "practicing" homosexuals and lesbians are not to be accepted or fellowshipped in the church. Many young people are taking ACCEPTANCE, TOLERANCE and DIVERSITY INSTRUCTION to mean that there is nothing wrong "morally" with being gay. You will hear them say, "What’s wrong with being gay?" Such I believe is the aim of the homosexual activists. Tell your children that being taught "tolerance" does not make sinful acts right. It changes nothing! Such instruction in school should never leave the impression that one should not, cannot or does not have the right to hold the conviction that homosexuality is perversion.

What You Can And Will Do In Christ This brief study should offer assurance to Christians that their efforts to serve God faithfully are attainable, as well as being greatly aided by others' prayers on their behalf. What one can and will do by remaining faithful in Christ is declared through the words of Paul's prayer for the church at Colossae in Col. 1:9-12. Here are the key thoughts: A. Be filled with knowledge, all wisdom and spiritual understanding. B. Walk worthy, fully pleasing Him, being fruitful in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God. C. Strengthened for attaining all stedfastness and patience, with Joy. D. Joyously giving thanks to the Father. Following is a "Check Your Spiritual Growth With Self-Test Questions" giving further emphasis to our growth in knowledge and ability to discern both good and evil. Works of the flesh issue in envy, strife and DIVISIONS (I Cor. 3:1-3). The stated "goal" of our efforts is seen in Philippians 1:10-11.

Let Us Get You A New Kind Of Preacher! Those full of carnality (works of the flesh) accuse the faithful unjustly with wicked intent, spread strife with their mouths, and set an example of evil for others to imitate (cf. 3 John 10-11). They have a goal, an objective, and will sacrifice the truth and brethren to achieve it! These are looking forward to and working towards DIVISION in order that they might have their own way, and that with the “kind of preaching” that lacks application and pleases the ungodly (cf. 2 Tim. 4:1-5). Understand that the longer the church postpones dealing with them scripturally the closer they get to their unscriptural goals (cf. Rev. 2:20). There is nothing more carnal, and full of the works of the flesh, that I can think of at this age in my life than brethren who work to stop applicable preaching and teaching. They will stop at nothing to get the “new kind” of preacher. Old warnings need to be issued! As in the past there will always be bigger churches somewhere ready to aid the pattern of apostasy and provide the “new kind” of teachers and preachers. That is how apostasy is able to continue. Brethren beware! It is quite possible that you know of such things happening among us and you need to help stop it.

What does the New Testament teach on divorce? Anytime that one desires to study the matter of scriptural DIVORCE they should consider the applicable passages from the New Testament. My advice to anyone is that they read these verses first, and do so without getting into philosophical discussions that do not take these scriptures to heart. God's word is truth (John 8:32; 17:17). I've listed them here for that very purpose, so why not just take time to read them and read them from your Bible as well? I caution --- avoid emotional arguments based upon "I feel like it should be this way," or "I think in my heart that such and such will be allowed or even overlooked by God" (Pr. 14:12; Lk. 6:46).

Helping to Avoid Divorce When You Know It’s Coming Just like in the world, yet among members of the church one spouse will often say that they have fallen out of love with the other. When this is not dealt with scripturally, and immediately, then the next step is they quit assembling and soon leave the church altogether (see Heb. 10:24-26 for the eternal consequences of doing such). When such begins and progresses we know there’s going to be DIVORCE! This article sets forth a pattern that I’ve seen develop among members of the church for many years now. They do not consult God’s word and seek scriptural counsel from the faithful. Instead they rush to the world and seek out those who offer them a quick worldly solution to ensure that they can escape their marriage, and often with financial security. Sin is added to sin in such cases and the inevitable end in sight is DIVORCE. Read this article with a view to offering scriptural aid to troubled marriages in the church, and thus enabling them to avoid the sin of DIVORCE.

The Majority Know Another Jesus The church at Corinth gladly tolerated fools who taught another Jesus and different gospel, Paul said (cf. 2 Cor. 11:4, 19). It is possible for one to read the literature of fools and possess a completely false view of Jesus. Read the Gospels for yourself and see what He really did do and teach. Here’s a start with applications from the Gospels that show the stark differences between what most think Jesus taught and what He really did teach! Verses are presented that deal with: (20) DIVORCE must be for the cause of fornication …

What You Can And Will Do In Christ This brief study should offer assurance to Christians that their efforts to serve God faithfully are attainable, as well as being greatly aided by others' prayers on their behalf. What one can and WILL DO by remaining faithful in Christ is declared through the words of Paul's prayer for the church at Colossae (Col. 1:9-12). Here are the key thoughts: A. Be filled with knowledge, all wisdom and spiritual understanding. B. Walk worthy, fully pleasing Him, being fruitful in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God. C. Strengthened for attaining all steadfastness and patience, with Joy. D. Joyously giving thanks to the Father. Following is a "Check Your Spiritual Growth With Self-Test Questions" giving further emphasis to our growth and development into mature children of God. The stated "goal" of our efforts is seen in Philippians 1:10-11.

A Simple Biblical Pattern For Explaining “Why?” A respondent who questioned the matter of judging those who live together without marriage stated, “I think these days it can be a good thing to live together before getting married.... This obviously goes against your feelings, but they're just your feelings, not everyone's." Last of all she stated, "As far as your last sentence, it's not an idea that it's acceptable and normal, these days, IT IS acceptable and normal.... If you don't like it, then don't do it.... I wouldn't criticize you...why do you judge about people who choose to live together?"
This individual wants to know “Why” I would determine that people who choose to live together are wrong in doing so. I presumed this to be an honest question deserving of an answer.

Proper applications of God’s Word necessitate distinguishing between what is "right" and what is "wrong." The “profit” of His Word is seen in DOCTRINE, reproof, correction, instruction in righteousness thus equipping the Christian unto every good work (2 Tim. 3:16-17). “Instruction” in the Word plainly states that fornication as described above is a work of the flesh that leads to eternal destruction if not repented of (I Cor. 6:9; Gal. 5:19-21).

Why Churches Fear Applying “Scriptural Authority” ~ Selected Newspaper Articles This article shows how false plans for unity cause local churches to cast aside “SOUND DOCTRINE” in order to accept those practicing the grossest of immoralities into fellowships (cf. I cor. 5, 6; I Tim. 1:10).

So Somebody Told You a Christian Cannot Sin This larger article begins with two brief newspaper articles that illustrates the habit some develop of picking a favorite verse, or verses, without considering “all” that the New Testament teaches on a particular topic. Thus we have an example of “the favorite verses syndrome.” This happens to concern the matter of Christians and when they do sin. It includes important points and topics such as “God Knows,” “Why Confess?,” “Our Advocate is Jesus Christ,” “The Wholeness of the DOCTRINE of Christ,” “God Gave Us His Word so We Can Practice Righteousness” and “When Considering the Devil and Christians.”

How to Deal With Issues While Loving and Following Jesus Those who deal with issues that come up concerning sound doctrine are often called arrogant for doing so. But think of the arrogance that exempts from the task. Brethren (including all members) don’t get to decide “which issues” they’ll deal with for the “issue” comes to you and your church by evil men entering in among you, and from within i.e. from among yourselves men arise speaking perverse things. It is sheer arrogance for one to think they are so important that they do not have to deal with any issue that involves SOUND DOCTRINE.

“I’m Staying with Zoom” The current pride in technology denominational invite is “Worship online or in person here.” We must be certain that what we do with high tech is scriptural as regards the work and worship of Christ’s church. If “zoom” and “online” are let stray, as some among us already have, then you will have a developed human tradition that will cause many to lose their souls. The impact itself on the body of Christ can be like a spreading spiritual virus in years following upon member’s zeal for assembling (Cf. Eph. 4:14; 2 Tim. 2:17; Heb. 10:24-27). To “SPEAK THE THINGS PROPER FOR SOUND DOCTRINE” you must know the difference between the word “home” and “house” and “houses” and the words “come together as a church” and “assembling of ourselves together” and “in the church.” Read here for proper definitions that lead to proper applications of what it means to “assemble together.”

The kind of SPEAKING DEMANDED is presented in the following points with the definitions given:

Showing oneself a lover of the truth is seen in SPEAKING the truth to one another (EPH. 4:20-25).

TO SPEAK, exhort and rebuke with all authority (TITUS 2:15)

PREACHING involves “REPROVE” [G1651], “REBUKE” [G2008] & “EXHORT” [G3870] (CF. 2 TIM. 4:2)

QUALIFIED ELDERS BOTH EXHORT (G3870) AND CONVICT or CONVINCE (G1651) THE GAINSAYSERS (G483) (Titus 1:9).

When “Mr. Make a Show” Visits There are all kinds of visitors – some are beneficial, some are benefitted by edification and instruction and humble themselves (Cf. I Cor. 14:25), and some are to be watched carefully (Cf. Acts 20:28-29). Any offer for a local church to merger with another should be considered in light of “sound doctrine.” Many can quickly forget about “STAND FAST” (Phil. 1:27; 2 Thess. 2:15) and “SOUND DOCTRINE” verses (2 Tim. 4:2; Titus 1:9; Titus 2:1) and be induced to make personal acceptance the standard for fellowship and not sound doctrine to avoid trouble at all costs --- which undeniably has led onwards to what we see in so called churches of Christ (in name only) where they have women deacons, then add women preachers, then add women elders --- and onwards to fellowshipping practicing gays and lesbians --- most all justified by false teaching on love. That’s how apostasy works. It keeps going further from the New Testament patterns all the while ignoring sound doctrine.

Many and Few by Contrast It is better to have few than to have the human organizations our brethren have formed that intrude into the work God gave the local churches to do. God’s blessings come for the few as well as many who are willing to respect scriptural authority. Here are some applications that match ATTENDANCE with SOUND DOCTRINE.

Memory #1 Hopefully this will be the first of three articles. Memory is brought to light with such words as “remember,” “remind,” “forget” and “neglect.” The antonym means to forget, and at times intentionally thus implying culpability. Those who want to remember the applicable lessons from God’s Word are the “DOERS of the word” and not HEARERS ONLY (Ja.1:22). The one who deceives himself hears God’s word and gets the right view of himself but “immediately” – at once, very soon upon departing from the word he forgets what he really is and his mind turns to what pleases himself rather than God. The proper use of memory is presented in the light of using it to repent, and using the past where brethren sought to corrupt or even destroy the congregation.

The List That Justifies The Ungodly Using the instruction from Prov. 9:7-9 “Reprove not a scorner, lest he hate you…” this article deals with the ungodly who have no real concern for the whole of God’s commandments and doing all He requires (cf. Ps. 119:160). A major point on reproofs and rebukes combines the above passage with the Lord’s warning, “Give not that which is holy unto the DOGS, neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn again and rend you” (Matt. 7:6). These DOGS have no regard or use for instruction from God’s word, which is holy. Moreover, their mistreatment of one who gives instruction from His word can be severe!

You Were Pagans Carried Away Unto Dumb Idols (I Cor. 12:2) Many are simply not aware of the various “other” designations for the Gentiles – such as “pagans,” “heathens,” “infidels” and “unbelievers.” This is especially true when some of these refer to idolaters. The world is divided into two divisions: Christians and the whole world that lies in the power of the evil one, Satan (I Jo. 5:19). Notice the emphasis given to one either being “in Christ” or “without” i.e. “outside” of Christ (Col. 4:5). Thus Jesus is the DOOR (Jo. 10:9). You enter that “door” by baptism into Christ (Mk. 16:15-16; Acts 2:38; Gal. 3:26-27). If one has not been baptized into Christ they belong with all “unbelievers”—undeniably the vast majority of the World Population i.e. some 7B+ are “unbelievers.” Outside of Christ all other “WORLD RELIGIONS” and religious beliefs fall under the category of “human philosophy” and “empty deception” according to the “traditions of men” (Col. 2:8).

From Youth through the Prime of Life (Eccl. 11:9-12:1) There are degrees of progression of age in this text. Accountability is seen throughout and the “right” things done are contrasted with things sinful that must be removed. These portions of life merge together and are fleeting, thus the necessity of remembering one’s Creator in the days of youth. When done right this “stage” is not filled with DOUBT and dissatisfaction, nor is life mostly filled with unhappiness.

"What went you out…to see?" This is a lesson on dress. What it means to present one's self as a living sacrifice, acceptable to God, holy, …and not be conformed to this world (Rom. 12:1-2) is viewed in the light of proper dress and conduct. Paul commanded the men to pray without wrath and DOUBTING (I Tim. 2:8). We are to be free of murmuring and disputing (see Phil. 2:14).

The mark of the beast, 666, Rev. 13:16-17 A respondent has stated that people are going around preaching the number 666 about everything. He states that people are even looking for the "mark" on the foreheads of others and requests that something be said about this. The material puts the "mark" in the context (historical setting) where it belongs! The Devil, Satan, is introduced as a great fiery red DRAGON as he attempts to destroy Christ's church by using Rome and the false prophet.

"What went you out…to see?" This is a lesson on DRESS. The brief study first looks at what Jesus said about clothing (dress). It presents some of His teaching in Matthew 6 the Sermon on the Mount concerning "anxiety" and dress. An application is drawn from His use of "clothing" as a metaphor in warning against false religious teachers (Matt. 7:15). What it means to present one's self as a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God (Rom. 12:1-2), is viewed in the light of proper DRESS and conduct. The kind of conduct that shows respect for oneself, for others, and manifests one's self control (I Tim. 2:8-9).

Be Sure to Keep Christ at New Years! Professions of love for the “baby” Jesus at Christmas time are often nothing more than hypocrisy. Such are often followed within a very short period of time with DRINKING and revelry at New Years. Here is a description of what the drunkard brings upon himself.

Noah Got Drunk, But That’s Not Me! There is a look here at Noah in failing as all righteous men will do – he planted a vineyard and got DRUNK. This also shows the foolishness of thinking too lightly of one’s sin. There is scripture on DRINKING and DRUNKENESS, and application made directly to brethren who separate themselves from their brethren in order to seek their own sinful desires.

Selected Newspaper Articles from 2017 These four newspaper articles include: (1) Surely All the Men’s Fault ~ So Called “Forced Heterosexuality”; (2) Surely Empowerment and Courage ~ Abortion; (3) Surely the Ends of the World ~ But Don’t Quit Your Job!; (4) Surely Not the Time for Two Drinking Parties ~ Christmas & New Years. Jesus’ warning in Matt. 24: 49-51 is put with Peter’s condemnation of “DRINKING PARTIES” in I Pet. 4:3. Read Trench’s definition and compare social drinking today.

Light Beer Is Not So Light! Perhaps you've wondered what the alcohol content is in light beer. In this brief article you will find an answer to that important question. Dear reader do not believe everything that you hear concerning light beer. And especially comments to this effect, "What's the big deal after all it is only light beer?" Read these scriptural warnings about the deceitfulness of alcohol, and its attendant state of DRUNKENESS and addiction.

What You Can And Will Do In Christ This brief study should offer assurance to Christians that their efforts to serve God faithfully are attainable, as well as being greatly aided by others' prayers on their behalf. What one can and will do by remaining faithful in Christ is declared through the words of Paul's prayer for the church at Colossae in Col. 1:9-12. Here are the key thoughts: A. Be filled with knowledge, all wisdom and spiritual understanding. B. Walk worthy, fully pleasing Him, being fruitful in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God. C. Strengthened for attaining all stedfastness and patience, with Joy. D. Joyously giving thanks to the Father. Following is a "Check Your Spiritual Growth With Self-Test Questions" giving further emphasis to our growth in knowledge and ability to discern both good and evil. To do this the Christian must get past carnality and the works of the flesh that make us DULL OF HEARING, and spiteful of one another (I Cor. 3:1-3). The stated "goal" of our efforts is seen in Philippians 1:10-11.

Casting Down Eloquence & Sophistry Series (2 Cor. 10:4-5) While professing love and understanding false teachers make a mockery of Christ’s teaching in “how” they use Matt. 22:39 – they twist “love thy neighbor as thyself.” They fail to properly put it with the preceding first and greatest commandment – to love God with one’s “all” (cf. Matt. 22:37-38). Thus “love” carries with it the idea of DUTY AND OBEDIENCE to God first. Great deceivers are using “love your neighbor” to put their own stamps of approval on iniquity! They teach the local church is accept and fellowship sinful relationships of heterosexual couples living together in fornication (Gal. 5:19), those in homosexual and lesbian relationships (I Cor. 6:9, Rom. 1:26-27) and condone adulterous marriages (Matt. 19:9). These deceivers are guilty of rejoicing in iniquity, not loving God, and being religiously injurious to all in their wicked deceptions! Their churches are full of iniquity and their members love to have it so (2 Tim. 3:1-5, 4:3).

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